The Role of Physiotherapy in Fibromyalgia: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

1. Introduction

Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and cognitive difficulties. Treatment is multi-modal, with physiotherapy being a key non-pharmacological approach.

2. Evidence-Based Role of Physiotherapy

• Aerobic Exercise: Walking, cycling, and aquatic therapy reduce pain intensity and improve overall function.

• Strength/Resistance Training: Enhances muscle function and reduces fatigue.

• Flexibility & Stretching: Improves joint mobility and perceived comfort.

• Patient Education & Self-Management: Encourages adherence, activity pacing, and coping strategies.

Summary: Physiotherapy improves pain, function, and quality of life — effects are moderate but clinically meaningful.

3. Future Perspectives

• Personalized Rehab Programs: Tailored exercises based on patient capacity and symptoms.

• Technology-Assisted Rehab: Apps, tele-rehabilitation, remote monitoring.

• Integrated Care: Combining exercise, education, psychological support, and pain neuroscience education.

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4. Clinical Takeaway

Physiotherapy is essential in the multi-modal management of fibromyalgia.While no cure exists, targeted interventions can meaningfully reduce symptoms, enhance function, and empower patients in daily life.