The Surprising Truth About Herniated Discs: Why Surgery Is Not Always Necessary

Being told you have a herniated disc often leads to fear and uncertainty. Many patients assume that surgery is the only way forward. However, scientific evidence suggests a different story.

What the Research Shows

Studies published in leading medical journals, including the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), have demonstrated that more than half of lumbar disc herniations improve or resolve naturally over time without surgical intervention.

This improvement occurs through a process known as spontaneous resorption, where the body’s immune system recognizes the displaced disc material and gradually breaks it down.

The Herniated Disc Paradox

Interestingly, research has shown that larger or more “extruded” disc herniations may shrink faster than smaller bulges.

This is because exposed disc material triggers a stronger inflammatory and immune response, accelerating reabsorption.

What Actually Helps Recovery

Conservative care typically focuses on:

• Maintaining safe, controlled movement

• Reducing excessive inflammation

• Gradual return to normal activity

• Exercise-based rehabilitation (e.g., extension-based movements when appropriate)

For many patients, this approach leads to outcomes comparable to — or better than — early surgery in the long term.

When Surgery Is Still Needed

Surgery remains essential in cases involving:

• Progressive neurological weakness

• Severe, unrelenting pain not responding to care

• Bowel or bladder dysfunction (medical emergency)

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Key Takeaway

A herniated disc diagnosis does not automatically mean surgery.With the right guidance and patience, the body often has the capacity to heal itself.

Source:New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) – Natural history and outcomes of lumbar disc herniation